| 不同施钾方式对桃树营养及果实产量和品质的影响 |
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| 引用本文：郑继成，白 红，石 佩，范崇辉，赵彩平.不同施钾方式对桃树营养及果实产量和品质的影响[J].西北农业学报,2018,27(5):699~706 |
| DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1004-1389.2018.05.012 |
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| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划（2014BAD16B04）；陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划（2015KTCQ02-23）。 |
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| 中文摘要:比较不同施钾方式对桃树枝叶营养及果实品质和产量的影响，以期为西北黄土高原地区桃园钾肥的高效利用提供依据。以11 a生的桃栽培品种‘阿部白’为试材，研究不同施钾方式（施肥枪注射施钾和条状沟施钾，以不施钾为对照）对新梢、叶片和果实中矿质元素和同化养分质量分数、叶片净光合速率（Pn）以及果实品质和产量的影响。结果表明，与对照相比，2种施钾方式均可显著提高‘阿部白’桃叶片和新梢的K、N、P质量分数、可溶性总糖、还原性糖和淀粉的质量分数；同时果实中的K、N、P质量分数也显著提高。施肥枪注射的水钾耦合处理的叶片和新梢中的K、N质量分数、还原糖和淀粉的质量分数均显著高于传统的条状开沟施肥处理，而P质量分数和可溶性总糖质量分数在2施钾处理间无显著差异。与对照相比，2种施钾方式均显著提高叶片的Pn。在果实采收期‘阿部白’桃果实的单果质量、可溶性固形物质量分数、固酸比和平均单株产量均表现出注射施钾处理 > 条状沟施钾处理 > 对照，且不同处理间差异均达到显著水平。此外，注射施钾处理果实硬度显著高于条状沟施处理。注射施钾的水钾耦合处理方式可显著提高钾肥的利用效率，在改善桃果实品质和提高产量方面的效果显著优于传统的条状沟施钾方式。 |
| 中文关键词:桃 钾 注射施肥 果实品质 |
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| Effects of Different Potassium-fertilization Methods on Nutrition, Fruit Yield and Quality in Peach |
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| Abstract:The experiment was conducted to compare the effects of different potassium application methods on nutrition of leaves,shoots,quality and yield in peach, which it would provide theoretical basis to help increase the utilization efficiency of potassium in the orchards of the Loess Plateau in Northwest China. 11-year-old cultivar ‘Abubai’ peach were used as experiment material to study the effects of different potassium application methods (fertilizing potassium with injection, fertilizing potassium in striped ditch, no potassium was used as control) on the mass fractions of mineral elements and assimilating nutrient, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and fruit quality yield. Compared with the control without potassium application, the two kinds of potassium application methods could significantly increase the mass fraction of K, N, and P, soluble sugar, could reduce sugar and starch in leaves and new shoots; additionally, K, N, and P mass fraction also showed higher levels in fruits. The mass fraction of K, N,which could reduce sugar and starch in leaves and new shoots under the treatment of fertilizing potassium with injection, were significantly higher than those of traditional striped ditch fertilizing potassium, while there was no significant difference in the mass fraction of P and soluble sugar between the fertilizing potassium with injection and striped ditch. Compared with the control without potassium application, the two kinds of potassium application methods significantly increased the Pn. The fruit mass, the mass fraction of soluble solids,solid acid ratio and yield existed significantly different among the treatments as fertilizing potassium with injection > striped ditch fertilizing potassium > control. In addition, the fruit firmness under the fertilizing potassium with injection treatment was significantly higher than that of the striped ditch treatment. The method of fertilizing potassium with injection could significantly increase the utilization efficiency of potassium, which was better than the traditional striped ditch fertilizing potassium for improving the quality and yield of peach fruit. |
| keywords:Peach Potassium Injecting fertilization Fruit quality |
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