| 不同栽培模式对冬小麦干物质积累及籽粒灌浆特性的影响 |
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| 引用本文：陈军晓，张保军 ，张正茂，韩雪冰，马娟娟，吴 祯.不同栽培模式对冬小麦干物质积累及籽粒灌浆特性的影响[J].西北农业学报,2017,(12):1776~1786 |
| DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1004-1389.2017.12.006 |
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| 基金项目:唐仲英基金（A212021302） 。 |
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| 中文摘要:为了探寻适合旱地和水地的小麦栽培模式，试验选用旱地小麦品种‘普冰151’（P）和当地生产上广泛种植的水地小麦品种‘西农979’（X）与‘小偃22’（Y），研究农民习惯栽培模式（C）、节本高效栽培模式（J）和三省一高栽培模式（S）对冬小麦干物质积累、籽粒灌浆特性及经济效益的影响。结果表明，3种栽培模式下花后各营养器官干物质积累变化趋势基本一致。栽培模式C与栽培模式J相比，增加各品种花后干物质积累量以及穗部干物质分配比例，但营养器官花前贮藏物质转运量和转运贡献率均有所降低。栽培模式C下各品种均于灌浆后期30 d左右出现灌浆“小高峰”，且3种栽培模式下‘普冰151’均在花后30 d出现灌浆“小高峰”，这些是其分别获得较高千粒质量的重要原因。栽培模式S下‘普冰151’能够获得较高的产投比、物质净产比值和活劳动净产比值。相较于栽培模式C，栽培模式J下各品种的产量虽有小幅度降低，但其活劳动净产比值却得到提升。在旱地针对‘普冰151’采用栽培模式S，水地采用栽培模式J，能够使小麦生产达到省水、省药、省工、高效的效果。 |
| 中文关键词:小麦 栽培模式 干物质积累与转运 灌浆特性 效益 |
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| Effect of Different Cultivation Patterns on Dry Matter Accumulation and Grain Filling Characteristics in Winter Wheat |
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| Abstract:To explore suitable cultivation patterns of winter wheat in arid and irrigated land,three varieties including arid land variety ‘Pubing 151’(P) and wildly cultivated varieties ‘Xinong 979’(X),‘Xiaoyan 22’(Y) were selected as materials for studying the effects of dry matter accumulation,grain filling characteristics,economic benefits of winter wheat with different cultivation patterns,the cultivation patterns are farmers custom cultivation pattern(C),saving and high-efficient cultivation pattern(J) and the high-efficiency cultivation model of saving labour,water and pesticide(S).The results indicated that the trend of dry matter accumulation of different organs were similar with the three cultivation patterns.Dry matter accumulation after anthesis and distribution proportion of dry matter in spike with cultivation pattern J were higher than those with cultivation pattren J,however,the translocation amount and translocation rate of assimilate in organs before anthesis declined with cultivation pattern C.Small peak of grain filling was observed about 30 days after anthesis of three varieties with cultivation pattern C,and that of variety P was observed about 30 days after anthesis with all cultivation patterns,it was an important reason for higher thousand kernels mass.There were higher value to cost ratio,output-input ratio of materialization and output-input ratio of labor of variety P with cultivation pattern J.Compared with cultivation pattern C,yield of the three varieties declined slightly,but increase of output-input ratio of labor was observed with cultivation pattern J.Applying cultivation pattern S in variety P in dry land,and applying cultivation pattern J in irrigated land could achieve effect in saving water,chemicals and labor,and high efficiency in winter wheat production. |
| keywords:Wheat Cultivation patterns Accumulation and distribution of dry matter Grain filling characteristics Efficiency |
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