| 张俊,王小昌,崔晓路,李澳旗,赵璐,胡田田.灌溉量和氮肥增效剂对夏玉米产量及水肥利用的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2024,(1):123~132 |
| 灌溉量和氮肥增效剂对夏玉米产量及水肥利用的影响 |
| Effects of irrigation amount and nitrogen synergists on yield and utilization of water and fertilizer of summer maize |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2024.01.12 |
| 中文关键词: 灌溉量 氮肥增效剂 土壤氨挥发 土壤硝态氮残留 夏玉米产量 水肥利用 |
| 英文关键词:irrigation amount nitrogenous synergist soil ammonia volatilization soil nitrate nitrogen residue summer maize yield utilization of water and fertilizer |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFD1900401） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究水分和氮肥增效剂对夏玉米生长及水肥利用的综合影响，通过设置40 mm（W1）和60 mm（W2）两个灌水水平下不施氮肥（N0）、施用氮肥（U）、氮肥+硝化抑制剂（U+DCD）、氮肥+脲酶抑制剂（U+NBPT）、氮肥+双效抑制剂（U+N+D）5种氮肥施用措施，开展夏玉米田间试验。结果表明：相较于施用氮肥处理，氮肥配施增效剂可以显著提高夏玉米产量、成熟期地上生物量、净收益、水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力，增幅分别为5.92%~13.82%、5.85%~18.07%、11.12%~24.30%、12.35%~41.83%和5.93%~13.80%，其中氮肥配施双效抑制剂效果较优；氮肥配施脲酶抑制剂和双效抑制剂可以降低夏玉米农田土壤氨挥发累积量和成熟期土壤硝态氮残留量，前者效果最优。相比于W1，W2水平下氮肥配施双效抑制剂处理玉米产量、成熟期地上生物量、净收益、水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力分别提高10.54%、15.51%、19.40%、20.31%和27.36%；氮肥配施脲酶抑制剂处理农田土壤氨挥发累积量和硝态氮残留量分别降低11.33%和48.46%。综合考虑夏玉米施肥灌水方案的经济效益、环境效益、水肥利用效率和玉米植株生长，构建模糊综合评价体系，得到最优处理为灌水量60 mm下氮肥配施双效抑制剂。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the comprehensive effects of water and nitrogen synergists on the growth and utilization of water and fertilizer of summer maize, summer maize field experiments were carried out under two irrigation levels of 40 mm (W1) and 60 mm (W2). Five nitrogen applications including no nitrogen (N0), urea (U), urea + nitrification inhibitor (U+DCD), urea + urease inhibitor (U+NBPT), urea + double\|effect inhibitor (U+N+D) were implemented. The results showed that urea combined with urea synergist significantly increased summer maize yield, aboveground biomass at maturity, net income, water use efficiency and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer compared with urea alone. The increases were 5.92%~13.82%, 5.85%~18.07%, 11.12%~24.30%, 12.35%~41.83% and 5.93%~13.80%, respectively,and urea combined with double\|effect inhibitor had the best effect. The application of urease inhibitor and double\|effect inhibitor also reduced the accumulation of ammonia volatilization and the residual amount of nitrate nitrogen in mature soil of summer maize field, among which urea combined with urease inhibitor had the best effect. Compared with W1, urea combined with double\|effect inhibitor treatment at W2 level improved the yield, aboveground biomass, net income, water use efficiency, and partial productivity of nitrogen ferilizer at maturity by 10.54%, 15.51%, 19.40%, 20.31%and 27.36%, respectively. The treatment of urea combined with urease inhibitor decreased the accumulation of ammonia volatilization and residual amount of nitrate nitrogen in summer maize field soil by 11.33% and 48.46%, respectively. Considering the economic benefits, environmental benefits, water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, and plant growth of the summer maize fertilization and irrigation scheme, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation system was established, and the optimal treatment was urea combined with double\|effect inhibitor under 60 mm irrigation. |
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