| 马智秀,邱军,高金锋,高小丽,冯佰利,杨璞.基于连续14年国家绿豆品种区域试验的中国绿豆品种产量和性状变化[J].干旱地区农业研究,2024,(1):1~13 |
| 基于连续14年国家绿豆品种区域试验的中国绿豆品种产量和性状变化 |
| Yield and character changes of mung bean varieties in China based on 14 consecutive years of national mung bean variety regional trials |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2024.01.01 |
| 中文关键词: 绿豆 区域试验 产量 农艺性状 品种改良 |
| 英文关键词:mung bean regonal trial yield agronomic trait variety improvement |
| 基金项目:陕西省重点研发计划项目（2023-ZDLNY-06）；国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1600600，2021YFD1600605） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 利用GGE双标图、变异系数法、相关性分析、多元回归和聚类分析等方法，分析了2003—2016年共14 a国家绿豆品种区域试验中来自内蒙古自治区、黑龙江省、吉林省、辽宁省、山西省等12个绿豆主产省（市、自治区）的29个育种单位提供的130个参试品种的生育天数、株高、主茎节数、主茎分枝数、荚长、单株荚数、荚粒数、千粒重以及产量在春播组和夏播组的变异，并比较了性状间的相关性以及不同育种单位选育的绿豆品种的性状差异。结果表明：2003—2016年春播组和夏播组绿豆产量分别增加14.0%和25.4%，年均增幅分别为1.0%和1.8%；主茎分支数分别减少12.0%和15.9%；其他性状变化不明显。春播组绿豆主要农艺性状的变异系数为5.14%~17.01%，均值为11.33%；遗传多样性指数为1.91~2.08，平均为1.99。夏播组绿豆主要农艺性状的变异系数为5.96%~19.99%，均值为12.52%；遗传多样性指数为1.98~2.17，平均为2.07。相关性和偏相关性分析表明，春播组中产量与荚长、单株荚数和荚粒数显著正相关，与其他性状的相关性不明显；夏播组中产量与单株荚数和荚粒数显著正相关，与株高、主茎分支数和荚长显著负相关。多元回归分析表明，春播组绿豆生育天数、株高、主茎分支数、荚长和单株荚数共同决定产量60.9%的变异；夏播组绿豆株高、主茎分枝数、单株荚数、荚粒数和千粒重共同决定产量87.7%的变异。依托品种选育区域的聚类分析表明，65个春播组品种被分为4类，在北京市、河北省、山西省、河南省、山东省、吉林省和陕西省综合表现较好；65个夏播组品种被分为6类，在河南省、河北省和山东省综合表现较好。2003—2016年，国家每轮区试的绿豆品种产量稳步提升，表明我国绿豆育种水平有了一定提升；但品种遗传基础狭窄，育种方法多样化程度较低，缺少突破性品种。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| GGE biplot, coefficient of variation, correlation analysis, multiple regression and cluster analysis were used to analyze the variation of growth days, plant height, number of main stem nodes, branch number of main stem, pod length, pod numbers per plant, seeds per pod, 1000-grain weight and yield of 130 mung bean varieties provided by 29 breeding units in 12 main producing provinces (municipalities/autonomous regions) of mung bean of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province, Liaoning Province and Shanxi Province during the 14 years of national mung bean varieties regional trial from 2003 to 2016. The variation of quantity in spring and summer sowing groups was compared, and the correlation between characters and the difference of characters of mung bean varieties from different breeding institutions were compared. The results showed that the yield of mung bean in spring and summer sowing groups increased by 14.0% and 25.4% respectively from 2003 to 2016, with an average annual increase of 1.0% and 1.8%, respectively. The number of main stem branches decreased by 12.0% and 15.9% respectively. The changes of other traits were not obvious.The coefficient of variation of main agronomic traits of mung bean in spring sowing group ranged from 5.14% to 17.01%, with an average of 11.33%. The genetic diversity index ranged from 1.91 to 2.08, with an average of 1.99. The coefficient of variation of main agronomic traits of mung beans in the summer sowing group ranged from 5.96% to 19.99%, with an average of 12.52%, and the genetic diversity index ranged from 1.98 to 2.17, with an average of 2.07. Correlation and partial correlation analysis showed that yield was positively correlated with pod length, pod numbers per plant and seeds per pod, but not significantly correlated with other traits. In the summer sowing group, the yield was positively correlated with pod numbers per plant and seeds per pod, and negatively correlated with plant height, branch number of main stem and pod length. Multiple regression analysis showed that growth days, plant height, branch number of main stem, pod length and pod numbers per plant together determined 60.9% yield variation of mung bean in spring sowing group. Plant height, branch number of main stem, pod numbers per plant, seeds per pod and 1000-grain weight of mung bean in summer sowing group jointly determined 87.7% variation of yield. The cluster analysis based on the breeding area showed that 65 spring sowing group varieties were divided into 4 categories, and the comprehensive performance was better in Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi, Henan, Shandong, Jilin and Shaanxi provinces. The 65 summer sowing group varieties were divided into 6 categories, and the comprehensive performance was better in Henan Province, Hebei Province and Shandong Province. From 2003 to 2016, the yield of mung bean varieties in each round of national regional trials increased steadily, indicating that the level of mung bean breeding in China improved to a certain extent. However, the genetic foundation of mung bean varieties was narrow, the diversity of breeding methods was low, and there was no breakthrough variety. |
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