莲藕中重金属含量特征及其健康风险评价
Analysis and health risk assessment of heavy metal in lotus root
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摘要: 以保定市市售莲藕和雄安新区白洋淀野生藕苗为研究对象，采用硝酸-高氯酸消解体系，电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）和原子荧光分光光度计（AFS）测定了莲藕中铅（Pb）、镉（Cd）、砷（As）的含量，对比分析了市售莲藕和野生藕苗不同部位（藕肉、藕皮、藕节）重金属的含量特征，并运用内梅罗综合污染指数法和单因子污染指数法及目标危害系数法评价了莲藕重金属污染状况及其对人体的健康风险.结果表明，采集的莲藕样品中Pb、Cd、As均有不同程度超标，其中Pb超标最高，且变异系数最大（>100%），藕肉、藕皮、藕节中Pb超标率分别为23.08%，53.85%和38.46%.市售莲藕中重金属平均含量表现为：藕节>藕皮>藕肉，其中藕皮和藕节中重金属含量达轻污染（P综分别为1.02和1.55），藕肉中3种重金属含量达警戒级（P综为0.85）；野生藕苗藕皮中重金属污染较为严重，属于轻污染（P综为1.44）.市售莲藕和野生藕苗中单一重金属的目标危害系数（THQ）均表现为As > Pb > Cd，且无论是成人还是儿童，其TTHQ值均<1，说明不存在明显的健康风险，考虑到藕皮和藕节中重金属含量较高，因此建议在食用莲藕时，应削去藕皮和藕节，以降低对成人和儿童的健康风险.Abstract: There are increasing concerns on heavy mental contamination in vegetables such as lotus root. Selected metals including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) and their accumulation in commercial and wild lotus root collected from Baoding and Baiyangdian Lake were analyzed. The nemero synthesis index values and the target hazard quotient (THQ) of heavy metals in lotus root were selected to evaluate the pollution degree and their risk to human health. The contents of Pb, Cd and As in different parts of lotus root (including edible part, peel, node) were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer (AFS) after digesting by nitric acid-perchloric acid. The results showed that Pb, Cd and As in 17 samples of lotus root respectively exceeded the permissible limits for food (GB 2762-2017) by varying degrees. Pb had the highest over standard rate and the highest variable coefficient (>100%), and Pb concentrations in 23.08%, 53.85% and 38.46% of the edible part, peel and node of lotus root respectively were above the safety limits. Furthermore, as for the commercial lotus root, the average contents of Cd, Pb and As in lotus root were in the order of node > peel > edible part. The heavy metal content in peel and node of lotus root reached mild pollution (Psyn is 1.02 and 1.55 respectively), while the heavy metal content in edible part reached the alert level (P=0.85). Pollution of Cd, Pb and As in peel of wild lotus root were relatively serious, and coming up to mild pollution (P=1.44). What's more, THQ of heavy metals in lotus root in the pattern As > Pb > Cd, and the total THQ values for adults and children were less than 1.0, which suggested that the health risks of Cd, Pb and As exposure through consuming lotus root were generally assumed to be safe. However, considering the higher contents of Pb, Cd, As in peel and node of lotus root, it is recommended that the peel and node of lotus root are peeled off to reduce the health risk of heavy metals exposure through food chain for adults and children.
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Key words:
- lotus root /
- heavy metals /
- health risks
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