The real-time monitoring and control is an essential part of aquaculture, which is one of the important measures to ensure quality safety of aquatic products. After summarizing and collating the existing domestic and foreign research literature, according to the characteristic that domestic aquaculture is mostly in the closed water quality environment, such as ponds and cages, the typical structure of aquaculture water quality monitoring system, the monitoring technology of water quality, the communication technology and intelligent control technology of water quality monitoring system were summarized and compared. The results showed that the real-time online water quality monitoring and sensing technology would be the focus of research. The research of multi-parameter sensor technology based on data fusion would become a research hotspot. The prediction of water quality parameters remained the focus of water quality monitoring research, and nonlinear modeling was the main method for water quality prediction modeling. The low power wan (LPWAN) would soon become the mainstream remote communication mode in aquaculture water quality monitoring system.