温度对香樟齿喙象生长发育的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201904025

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 131-136.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201904025

温度对香樟齿喙象生长发育的影响

贾志怡¹(), 陈聪¹, 马宇萱¹, 李寿银¹, 樊斌琦², 王焱², 郝德君¹()

^1.南京林业大学林学院，南方现代林业协同创新中心，江苏南京 210037
^2.上海市林业总站, 上海 200072

收稿日期:2019-04-12 修回日期:2020-04-20 出版日期:2020-07-22 发布日期:2020-08-13
通讯作者: 郝德君
作者简介:贾志怡（18751953180@163.com）
基金资助:
江苏省高等学校大学生创新创业训练计划(201810298006Z);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(SJKY19_0879);上海市科委科研计划项目(18391903200)

Effects of temperature on growth and development of Pagiophloeus tsushimanus Morimoto

JIA Zhiyi¹(), CHEN Cong¹, MA Yuxuan¹, LI Shouyin¹, FAN Binqi², WANG Yan², HAO Dejun¹()

^1.Co -Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
^2.Forest Station of Shanghai, Shanghai 200072, China

Received:2019-04-12 Revised:2020-04-20 Online:2020-07-22 Published:2020-08-13
Contact: HAO Dejun

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的

香樟齿喙象（Pagiophloeus tsushimanus）是新发现的一种危害香樟的单食性蛀干害虫，以幼虫钻蛀危害香樟主干和侧枝的韧皮部和木质部，导致树势衰弱。探讨温度对香樟齿喙象生长发育的影响，明确香樟齿喙象发育起点温度和有效积温，进一步探明温度对其生长发育的影响，为该害虫的监测与防控提供依据。

方法

采用室内恒温饲养法，在光暗周期为0 h/24 h，相对湿度（65±5）%的培养条件下，共设置19、22、25、28和31 ℃等5个温度处理，每个温度设置3个重复，每个重复选取84粒卵置于培养皿中，待卵孵化后用半人工饲料饲养初孵幼虫直至化蛹，分别测定香樟齿喙象卵、幼虫、蛹在5个温度处理下的发育历期，计算发育速率，采用直线回归法和“最小二乘法”测定香樟齿喙象发育起点温度和有效积温。

结果

香樟齿喙象在5个温度条件下均可完成生长发育，卵、幼虫和蛹的发育起点温度分别为9.03、13.04和10.32 ℃，有效积温分别为221.21、955.69和206.00（日·℃）。采用线性回归模型和指数模型拟合香樟齿喙象各虫态发育速率与温度的关系，指数模型拟合效果较好，能够较准确地反映香樟齿喙象各虫态发育速率与温度的关系。发育历期预测式的计算结果与2014—2018年的香樟林林间调查的结果基本吻合。观察记录了不同温度条件下香樟齿喙象试验种群生命表，在19～28 ℃范围内，香樟齿喙象卵的孵化率随温度升高而增大，而31 ℃条件下的孵化率最低仅为76.19%。22～28 ℃范围内幼虫化蛹率均超过70%，19 ℃和31 ℃条件下化蛹率和羽化率均不高，羽化率不超过60%。

结论

香樟齿喙象生长发育受温度影响明显，随着温度升高其发育历期明显缩短，发育速率加快，但温度过高和过低均不适宜昆虫的生长发育，28 ℃条件下香樟齿喙象卵的孵化率、化蛹率和蛹的羽化率均达到峰值，说明此温度为该虫生长发育的最适温度，可以作为室内人工繁育的设置温度。

关键词: 香樟齿喙象, 生长发育, 发育起点温度, 有效积温

Abstract: Objective

Pagiophloeus tsushimanus is a new wood-boring beetle,which has outbreaks in Cinnamomum camphora plantations in recent years. This pest mainly excavates the phloem and xylem tissue of the stems of host plants during the larval stage, which causes structural weakness and disrupts the flow of water and nutrients within host trees. The purpose of this study was to clarify the developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulated temperature of P. tsushimanus, to confirm the influence of temperature on the growth and development of this beetle and to facilitate the prediction of its occurrence.

Method

The developmental duration of P. tsushimanus was determined in an illuminated incubator with a 0/24 h (light/dark) cycle and relative humidity of (65 ± 5)%, under one of five constant temperatures (19, 22, 25, 28 and 31 ℃). There were three duplicates for each temperature treatment, with 84 eggs for each duplicate. Once hatched, the neonate larvae were transferred to a half artificial diet and reared until pupation. The developmental duration of the egg, larva and pupa was investigated using five temperature treatments and the development rates were calculated. The developmental threshold temperature (C) and effective accumulated temperature (K) of P. tsushimanus were determined using the linear regression and least square methods.

Result

The developmental threshold temperatures of the egg, larva and pupa were estimated to be 9.03, 13.04 and 10.32 ℃, and the effective accumulated temperatures were 221.21, 955.69 and 206.00 （℃·days）, respectively.The linear regression and exponential models of the relationship between the temperature and developmental rates of P. tsushimanus were confirmed. The exponential model fitted well and could accurately reflect the relationship between the temperature and developmental rates of each stage of P. tsushimanus. The results concerning the prediction formula were basically consistent with that of a field survey from 2014 to 2018 in Shanghai. The life table of the experimental population under different temperature conditions was observed and recorded. In the range of 19-28 ℃, the hatching rate of P. tsushimanus eggs increased with the increasing temperature, while the hatching rate was only 76.19% at 31 ℃. In the range of 22-28 ℃, the pupation rate of P. tsushimanus larvae was over 70%.In the range of 19-31 ℃, the pupation and eclosion rates were relatively low, and the eclosion rate was no more than 60%.

Conclusion

The development and growth of P. tsushimanus were significantly affected by the temperature.As the temperature increased, the developmental duration was significantly shortened and the development rate was accelerated. At a temperature of 28 ℃, the hatching, pupation and eclosion rates of P. tsushimanus all reached maximum values, indicating that 28 ℃ was the optimal temperature for the development and growth of this beetle. Therefore,28 ℃ could be a suitable temperature for indoor artificial rearing.

Key words: Pagiophloeus tsushimanus Morimoto, growth and development, developmental threshold temperature, effective accumulated temperature

中图分类号:

S763

贾志怡,陈聪,马宇萱,等. 温度对香樟齿喙象生长发育的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 44(4): 131-136.

JIA Zhiyi, CHEN Cong, MA Yuxuan, LI Shouyin, FAN Binqi, WANG Yan, HAO Dejun. Effects of temperature on growth and development of Pagiophloeus tsushimanus Morimoto[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 44(4): 131-136.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201904025.

图/表 4

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温度/℃ temperature	卵发育历期/d developmental duration of eggs	幼虫发育历期/d developmental duration of larvae	蛹发育历期/d developmental duration of pupae
19	22.02±1.17 a	115.4±4.46 a	21.31±1.30 a
22	18.08±0.93 b	102.7±2.99 b	17.05±1.24 b
25	12.55±1.19 c	90.55±2.71 c	14.96±0.88 c
28	11.46±0.92 d	76.46±2.60 d	12.76±1.00 d
31	10.71±1.12 e	49.83±3.05 e	9.48±0.84 e

温度/℃ temperature	孵化率/% hatch?ability	进入1龄幼虫期虫数 number of larvae develop from eggs to 1^st instar	1龄幼虫存活率/% survival rate of first instar larva	进入2龄及以上幼虫期虫数 number of larvae develop from 1^st to 2^nd instar	2龄及以上幼虫存活率/% survival rate of 2^ndlarvae and above	进入蛹期虫数 number from larva to pupa	化蛹率% pupation rate	进入成虫期虫数 number from pupa to adult	羽化率/% emergence rate
19	80.95	68	88.24	60	88.33	53	63.10	49	58.33
22	84.52	71	88.73	63	93.65	59	70.24	59	70.24
25	86.90	73	87.67	64	92.19	59	70.24	51	60.71
28	88.10	74	95.95	71	90.14	64	76.19	54	64.29
31	76.19	64	81.25	52	98.08	51	60.71	48	57.14

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温度对香樟齿喙象生长发育的影响

Effects of temperature on growth and development of Pagiophloeus tsushimanus Morimoto

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