To explore the spatial correlation patterns of water resources ecological pressure for prefecture-level cities of Anhui Province for the development of policies regarding differentiated sustainable utilization of water resources, the ecological footprint pressure measurement model was used to calculate the water resources ecological pressure for 16 prefecture-level cities of Anhui Province, and the spatial autocorrelation analysis method was used to investigate the spatial correlation patterns of water resources ecological pressure. The results are as follows: (1)In 2014, the water resource ecological pressure indices for the 16 prefecture-level cities in Anhui Province ranged from 1. 05 to 3. 82, with a mean value being 1. 89. (2)Moran’s I index of global autocorrelation of water resources ecological pressure was-0. 1153, showing a pattern of insignificant spatial heterogeneity. Four cities, i. e. , Huangshan, Chizhou, Xuancheng in southern Anhui Province, and Anqing in southwestern Anhui Province, had low water resources ecological pressure, while three cities, i. e. , Huainan, Ma’anshan, and Tongling, had high water resources ecological pressure. (3)Moran’s I scatter plot of local spatial autocorrelation indicates that 13 prefecture-level cities were located in the second(LH)and fourth(HL)quadrants, while only three cities were located in the first(HH)and third(LL)quadrants, of which Chuzhou had a LISA index of-0. 2937 and was a significantly low-heterogeneity center, and Huangshan had a LISA index of 0. 9615 and was a significantly low-value gathering center. Based on these results, differentiated policies and suggestions were proposed for sustainable utilization of water resources.