引种美国红枫在两种紫色土区的生长和光合特性比较

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202202012

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (1): 97-105.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202202012

引种美国红枫在两种紫色土区的生长和光合特性比较

魏静¹(), 谭星¹, 王昌盛¹, 闫瑞², 李林珂¹, 宁月¹, 刘芸¹^,^*()

1.西南大学资源环境学院,重庆 400715
2.重庆市荣昌区岚峰林场,重庆 402460

收稿日期:2022-02-16 修回日期:2022-05-25 出版日期:2024-01-30 发布日期:2024-01-24
通讯作者: 刘芸
基金资助:
重庆市科技兴林重大专项;重庆市林业局科技兴林项目(渝林科研2020-3)

Comparison of growth and photosynthetic characteristics of introduced Acer rubrum on two purple soils

WEI Jing¹(), TAN Xing¹, WANG Changsheng¹, YAN Rui², LI Linke¹, NING Yue¹, LIU Yun¹^,^*()

1. College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
2. Lanfeng Forest Farm of Rongchang District of Chongqing City, Chongqing 402460, China

Received:2022-02-16 Revised:2022-05-25 Online:2024-01-30 Published:2024-01-24
Contact: LIU Yun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究引种美国红枫(Acer rubrum)在两种紫色土区的生长和光合特性,为美国红枫在重庆地区的发展和适地适品种提供参考。【方法】以生长在重庆地区中性紫色土区(NS1)和石灰性紫色土区(AS2)的引种美国红枫‘马莫’(A. rubrum × freemanii ‘Marmo’)和‘金叶美国槭’(文中为‘金叶槭’A. rubrum‘Aurea’)为研究对象,在生长旺盛的夏季,对美国红枫在两种紫色土区生长、叶色和光合特性进行测定。【结果】①‘马莫’的净株高、冠幅、叶面积与土壤碱解氮(AN)、速效钾(AK)和有机质(SOM)含量、碳氮比(C/N)呈极显著正相关(P<0.05),与土壤pH呈极显著负相关(P<0.05)。中性和石灰性紫色土区‘马莫’株高较引种初期分别增加3.44、1.18 m,地径分别增加5.14、2.22 cm,引种前后叶面积、比叶面积差异显著(P<0.05);‘金叶槭’净株高、净地径、比叶面积无显著性差异。②中性紫色土区‘马莫’叶绿素a(Chla)、叶绿素b(Chlb)、总叶绿素(ChlT)、类胡萝卜素(Car)含量及色彩亮度(L^*)、红绿色度(a^*)、黄蓝色度(b^*)、最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、电子传递效率(ETR)、实际光能捕获效率Y(Ⅱ)、光化学猝灭系数(q_P)、最大净光合速率(P_n,max)、光饱和点(LSP)、表观量子效率(AQY)、叶片羧化速率(α)和光呼吸速率(R_p)显著高于石灰性紫色土区(P<0.05);与石灰性紫色土区相比,中性紫色土区‘金叶槭’P_n,max和胞间CO₂浓度(CSP)显著增加、光补偿点(LCP)、CO₂补偿点(CCP)显著降低(P<0.05),而两种紫色土‘金叶槭’Chla、ChlT含量及Chl a/b、L^*、a^*、b^*、F_v/F_m、ETR、Y(Ⅱ)、q_PLSP、AQY、暗呼吸速率(R_d)、CCP和R_p差异均不显著(P>0.05)。【结论】‘马莫’在中性紫色土区通过增加光能捕获面积提高PSⅡ光合电子传递速率和光合速率,降低有机物质的消耗,从而增强光合能力,表现出较强的生长适应性,而在石灰性紫色土区的表现较差,说明该品种对碱性紫色土壤的适应性一般;两种紫色土区‘金叶槭’的光合特性和生长均表现出较强的适应性。

关键词: 引种, 美国红枫, 生长适应性, 光合特性, 叶绿素荧光参数, 叶色参数

Abstract:

【Objective】 The growth and photosynthetic characteristics responses of Acer rubrum following introduction to two kinds of purple soil were studied, to provide reference data for the development and use of a suitable variety of A. rubrum in the Chongqing area of China. 【Method】 A. rubrum ‘Marmo’ and ‘Aurea’ introduced into neutral purple soil (NS1) and callitic purple soil (AS2) were analyzed. Growth, leaf color, and photosynthetic characteristics of A. rubrum were compared in the two kinds of purple soil in summer, when their growth was vigorous. 【Result】 The net plant height, crown width, leaf area of ‘Marmo’ were positively correlated with alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available potassium, carbon/nitrogen ratio, and organic matter, and negatively correlated with soil pH. Compared with the initial introduction, the plant height of ‘Marmo’ in the neutral and calcareous zones increased by 3.44 m and 1.18 m, respectively, ground diameter increased by 5.14 cm and 2.22 cm, respectively, and the leaf area and specific leaf area were significantly different. However, there were no significant differences of ‘Aurea’ in net plant height, net ground diameter, or specific leaf area. The chlorophyll a (ChlT), chlorophyll b (Chlb), total chlorophyll (ChlT), carotenoid (Car), L^*, a^* and b^* values, maximum photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m), electron transfer efficiency (ETR), light energy capture efficiency Y(Ⅱ), photochemical quenching coefficients (q_P), leaf maximum net photosynthetic rate, light saturation point (LSP), apparent quantum yield (AQY), leaf carboxylation rate, leaf carboxylation rate (α), and photorespiration rate (R_p) of ‘Marmo’ in neutral zone were significantly higher than that of in calcareous zone (P<0.05). Compared with purple soil alkaline zone, P_n,max and intercellular CO₂ concentration of (C_s) ‘Aurea, in the neutral zone were significantly increased, LCP, CO₂ compensation point (CCP) were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Chla, ChlT, Chl a/b, L^*, a^*, b^* F_v/F_m, ETR, Y(Ⅱ), q_P, LSP, AQY, CCP, R_d and R_p of ‘Aurea’ in the neutral zone were not significantly different from those in the calcareous zone (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 Among the two types of purple soil, ‘Marmo’ increased the photosynthetic electron transfer rate and photosynthetic rate of photosystem Ⅱ and reduced the consumption of organic matter by increasing the light energy capture area. The photosynthetic capacity was enhanced and growth was strong in the neutral region, while the performance of ‘Marmo’ was poor in the calcareous zone, indicating that this variety is not suitable for alkaline purple soil. The photosynthetic characteristics and growth of ‘Aurea’ showed strong adaptability to the two types of purple soil.

Key words: introduction, Acer rubrum, growth adaptability, photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence parameter, leaf color parameter

中图分类号:

魏静,谭星,王昌盛,等. 引种美国红枫在两种紫色土区的生长和光合特性比较[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 48(1): 97-105.

WEI Jing, TAN Xing, WANG Changsheng, YAN Rui, LI Linke, NING Yue, LIU Yun. Comparison of growth and photosynthetic characteristics of introduced Acer rubrum on two purple soils[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2024, 48(1): 97-105.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202202012.

图/表 5

表1

表2

图1

表3

两种紫色土上不同品种美国红枫叶片光相应参数"

品种 variety	试验区 test site	P_n,max/ (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	LSP/ (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	LCP/ (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	R_d/ (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	AQY	$R 12$
‘马莫’MM	NS1	17.95±1.20 a	1 482.46±48.31 a	27.48±0.83 a	1.96±0.09 a	0.07±0.00 a	0.999 4
	AS2	5.97±0.32 b	1 224.15±23.80 b	28.08±2.23 a	1.70±0.06 a	0.05±0.02 b	0.997 8
‘金叶槭’JYQ	NS1	13.40±0.77 a	1 409.64±44.87 a	35.89±1.46 b	2.24±0.06 a	0.07±0.00 a	0.998 6
	AS2	10.65±0.23 b	1 313.82±104.62 a	48.94±1.13 a	2.23±0.05 a	0.06±0.00 a	0.998 3
品种 variety	试验区 test site	α/ (mol·m^-2·s^-1)	A_n,max/ (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	CSP/ (μmol·mol^-1)	CCP/ (μmol·mol^-1)	R_p/ (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	$R 22$
‘马莫’MM	NS1	0.09±0.00 a	34.18±1.49 a	2 001.51±324.84 a	98.78±0.83 b	7.54±0.07 a	0.987 0
	AS2	0.04±0.00 b	19.45±0.55 b	1 793.11±163.56 a	122.69±2.06 a	4.26±0.26 b	0.986 5
‘金叶槭’JYQ	NS1	0.08±0.00 a	29.04±1.89 a	2 129.64±37.21 a	103.26±0.86 a	7.20±0.11 a	0.988 1
	AS2	0.07±0.01 a	29.23±1.08 a	1 945.93±49.80 b	108.56±7.46 a	6.16±0.40 a	0.986 1

表3

图2

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指标 index	试验区test site
指标 index	NS1	AS2
海拔/m altitude	371	375
土壤类型soil type pH	中性紫色土 7.4	石灰性紫色土 8.7
土壤容重/(g·cm^-3)soil bulk density	1.85±0.04 a	1.84±0.03 a
土壤含水率/% soil moisture	0.26±0.01 a	0.12±0.01 b
有机质含量/(g·kg^-1) SOM content	17.40±0.50 a	7.02±0.38 b
碱解氮含量/(mg·kg^-1) AN content	80.73±3.29 a	44.22±2.20 b
有效磷含量/(mg·kg^-1) AP content	4.87±0.23 a	3.67±0.30 b
速效钾含量/(mg·kg^-1) AK content	107.41±3.08 a	60.18±0.67 b
碳氮比C/N	10.31±0.61 a	6.68±0.12 b
全磷含量/(g·kg^-1) TP content	0.42±0.03 b	0.51±0.02 a
全钾含量/ (g·kg^-1) TK content	14.30±0.19 b	15.59±0.40 a

品种 variety	试验区 test site	净株高/m net plant height	净地径/cm net ground diameter	冠幅/m grown width	叶面积/cm² LA	比叶面积/ (cm²·g^-1) SLA
‘马莫’(MM)	NS1	3.44±0.18 a	5.14±0.34 a	2.44±0.17 a	62.35±2.01 a	26.46±2.47 a
	AS2	1.18±0.11 b	2.22±0.14 b	1.04±0.06 b	41.54±0.38 b	17.74±1.34 b
‘金叶槭’(JYQ)	NS1	3.69±0.21 a	6.04±0.38 a	2.12±0.14 a	35.92±3.93 a	30.94±4.05 a
	AS2	3.06±0.12 b	6.01±0.27 a	1.86±0.07 a	34.41±3.44 a	29.14±3.76 a
品种 variety	试验区 test site	叶干质量/g leaf mass	L^*	a^*	b^*	C^*
‘马莫’(MM)	NS1	2.36±0.16 a	21.54±0.85 b	-12.91±0.22 b	19.06±0.24 b	23.02±0.22 b
	AS2	2.35±0.18 a	40.64±0.71 a	-3.31±0.24 a	44.11±0.64 a	44.25±0.62 a
‘金叶槭’(JYQ)	NS1	1.16±0.08 a	42.34±4.03 a	-5.32±0.84 a	45.74±3.62 a	46.06±1.99 a
	AS2	1.18±0.03 a	40.59±2.12 a	-4.03±0.13 a	44.79±1.64 a	44.98±1.63 a

引种美国红枫在两种紫色土区的生长和光合特性比较

Comparison of growth and photosynthetic characteristics of introduced Acer rubrum on two purple soils

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