中国全科医学 ›› 2020, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (17): 2219-2222.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2019.00.643

• 专题研究 • 上一篇    

基于社区开展家长自评式孤独症早期筛查研究

骆名进,宋海东*,刘健   

  1. 310013 浙江省杭州市第七人民医院 浙江大学医学院精神卫生中心
    *通信作者:宋海东,副主任医师;E-mail:drsonghaidong@163.com
  • 出版日期:2020-06-15 发布日期:2020-06-15
  • 基金资助:
    基金项目:浙江省科技厅公益技术研究社会发展项目(2014C33118)

Early Screening of Childhood Autism by the Parent in the Community 

LUO Mingjin,SONG Haidong*,LIU Jian   

  1. Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital /Mental Health Center Zhejiang University School of Medicine,Hangzhou 310013,China
    *Corresponding author: SONG Haidong,Associate chief physician;E-mail: drsonghaidong@163.com
  • Published:2020-06-15 Online:2020-06-15

摘要: 背景 大量研究表明,儿童孤独症如果能越早被发现和干预,其预后效果就越好。国内现有社区卫生服务机构尚未能提供孤独症早期筛查服务,在社区开展家长自评式孤独症早期筛查,可作为一种有效弥补手段。目的 对社区进行家长自评式孤独症早期筛查,分析其影响因素,探索适合在社区开展的孤独症早期筛查模式。方法 2016年7—10月运用整群抽样法,选择杭州市西湖区3个街道(乡镇)和余杭区4个街道(乡镇)共计5 306名12~36个月儿童作为早期筛查对象,采集其基本信息和家长孤独症知识知晓信息,并采用婴幼儿沟通及象征性行为发展量表(CSBS DP)(12~18个月)和改良婴幼儿孤独症量表(M-CHAT)(>18~36个月)进行筛查,分析其影响因素。结果 共回收有效问卷5 105份,有效回收率为96.21%。12~18个月儿童孤独症相关发育障碍早期筛查阳性率为12.49%(169/1 353);男童CSBS DP评分低于女童,足月分娩的儿童高于未足月分娩的儿童,家长对孤独症比较了解与听说过的儿童高于家长不知道的儿童(P<0.05);CSBS DP评分与儿童月龄呈负相关(r=-0.360,P<0.001)。>18~36个月儿童孤独症相关发育障碍筛查阳性率为5.76%(216/3 752);M-CHAT评分与出生体质量呈正相关(r=0.042,P=0.012),与家长孤独症知识得分呈负相关(r=-0.081,P=0.003)。结论 12~36个月儿童孤独症相关发育障碍筛查阳性率为7.54%,而家长对孤独症相关知识的了解程度对其筛查评分有影响。因此,在社区开展家长自评式孤独症早期筛查意义重大,但需进一步完善。

关键词: 孤独症, 社区, 早期筛查, 儿童

Abstract: Background A large number of studies show that if autism children are detected and intervened earlier,their prognosis will be better.Although early screening of childhood autism has not been delivered in domestic community health institutions,early screening of childhood autism by the parent can be used as an effective remedy in the community.Objective To analyze the implementation status and associated factors of early screening of childhood autism by the parent in the community,to explore an early screening mode for the disease appropriately conducted in the community.Methods By use of cluster sampling,we recruited 5 306 infants aged >12-36 months from three subdistricts(towns)of West Lake District,and four subdistricts(towns)of Yuhang District,Hangzhou,from July to October 2016.We surveyed their parents for collecting the child's demographic data,and the parents'autism knowledge with a self-developed scale,and for obtaining the parents' evaluation results of autism of the child using the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile(CSBS-DP),and the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers(M-CHAT),and analyzed the associated factors for childhood autism.Results A total of 5 105 valid questionnaires were collected with an effective recovery rate of 96.21%。The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders(ASD)in infants aged 12-18 months was 12.49%(169/1 353).Male infants,premature infants,and infants whose parents knowing little autism knowledge had lower mean scores of CSBS-DP(P<0.05).The CSBS-DP score was correlated with the age of infants negatively(r=-0.360,P< 0.001).The prevalence of ASD in those aged 18-36 months was 5.76%(216/3 752).The M-CHAT score was positively correlated with birth weight(r=0.042,P=0.012)and negatively correlated with parents' autism knowledge score(r=-0.081,P=0.003).Conclusion The prevalence of ASD in infants aged >12-36 months screened by the parent is 7.54%,which is associated with parents' autism knowledge.It is important to implement early screening of childhood autism by the parent in the community,but improvements need to be carried out further.

Key words: Autism, Community, Early screening, Children