王冰飞，王雨豪，韩丽婧，崔伟橦，邬倩，张婧，赵岩岩

引用本文： 王冰飞，王雨豪，韩丽婧，崔伟橦，邬倩，张婧，赵岩岩.老年人认知储备与主观认知下降的相关性[J].护理研究,2024,38(1):56-60

摘要： 目的： 探讨老年人认知储备与主观认知下降的相关性。 方法： 采用便利抽样法选取河北省某社区及某三级甲等医院年龄≥60岁的老年人共300人，采用一般资料调查表、主观认知下降自评表、认知储备参数采集表对其进行调查。 结果： 300名老年人中，185人出现主观认知下降，占61.67%；多因素分析显示，近2年经历负性生活事件是老年人发生主观认知下降的危险因素，认知活动是老年人发生主观认知下降的保护因素。认知储备与主观认知下降具有相关性（OR=0.984，<0.05）。认知储备的全日制受教育年限、主要从事职业、认知活动3项子变量中，认知活动与主观认知下降具有相关性（OR=0.869，<0.05）。 结论： 经历负性生活事件是老年人发生主观认知下降的危险因素，参与认知活动对老年人主观认知下降具有保护作用，提高老年人认知储备可能延缓主观认知下降进程。

关键词： 老年人;认知储备;主观认知下降;影响因素;调查研究

课题： 河北省重点研发计划项目(21377776D) ;河北省医学科学研究项目(20190408) ;2021年河北医科大学“大学生创新性实验计划”项目(USIP2021181)

WANG Bingfei，WANG Yuhao，HAN Lijing，CUI Weitong，WU Qian，ZHANG Jing，ZHAO Yanyan

Abstract Objective： To explore the correlation between cognitive reserve and subjective cognitive decline. Methods： A total of 300 elderly people aged ≥60 in communities and hospitals in Hebei were selected by convenient sampling，and they were investigated by general data questionnaire， self⁃assessment form of subjective cognitive decline（SCD） and cognitive reserve parameter collection table. Results： Among the 300 elderly people，185（61.67%） had subjective cognitive decline.Multiple analysis showed that experienced negative life events in the past two years was a risk factor for SCD in the elderly， and participation in cognitive activities was a protective factor for SCD in the elderly.Cognitive reserve was correlated with cognitive decline（OR=0.984，<0.05）.Among the three sub⁃variables of cognitive reserve， length of full⁃time education， main occupation and cognitive activity，cognitive activity was correlated with SCD（OR=0.869，<0.05）. Conclusion： Experience negative life events is a risk factor for the elderly to have SCD. Participating in cognitive activities has a protective effect on SCD for the elderly. cognitive reserve has an independent protective effect on SCD for the elderly. Improving cognitive reserve for the elderly may delay the SCD process.

Keywords the elderly;cognitive reserve;subjective cognitive decline， SCD;influencing factors;investigation and study

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