Aeolian dust history since 14.4 cal. ka B.P. indicated by grain-size end members of Shayan loess in the southern Kazakhstan
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摘要:
中亚干旱区不仅是全球主要的风尘源区之一, 也是气候变化的敏感区域之一。重建中亚干旱区风尘历史、解释其驱动机制对治理现代沙尘天气和改善人类生存环境至关重要。然而, 关于中亚干旱区风尘驱动机制的问题仍存在不同观点。本研究采用参数化粒度端元分析方法对哈萨克斯坦南部的Shayan黄土剖面(厚度约650cm)进行了分析。结果表明: 1)Shayan剖面沉积物粒度组分分为4个端元, EM1代表高空西风远距离搬运和以团聚体的形式被粗颗粒携带的粘土组分, EM2代表沉积时期大气粉尘的背景, 以浮尘的形式存在的细粉砂组分, EM3代表低空短距离搬运的近源粗粉砂组分, EM4代表较强风力条件下被搬运的局地砂粒组分; 2)EM3+EM4含量指示的风尘历史显示, 14.4cal.ka B.P.至早全新世阶段(14.4~8.2cal.ka B.P.)风力较强, 中全新世(8.2~4.2cal.ka B.P.)风力较弱, 晚全新世(4.2~0cal.ka B.P.)再次增强; 3)西伯利亚高压强度变化是中亚干旱区过去风尘活动变化的主要驱动力。
Abstract:The arid Central Asia is not only the main dust source area in the world, is also the sensitive area to climate change. It is very important to reconstruct the past history of aeolian dust and investigate its driving mechanism in the arid Central Asia in order to govern modern dust and improve human living environment. However, there are still three different views on the driving mechanism of aeolian dust in the arid Central Asia. In this study, we obtain the Shayan loess profile(SY profile: 42.86°N, 69.07°E; 200m a.s.l.; 650cm in thickness)which is located on the bank of Shayan River in the Southern Kazakhstan. The SY profile is homogeneous and massive without obvious stratification and light yellow in appearance, indicating that there is no obvious soil formation. Six AMS 14C samples were collected at 98cm, 200cm, 302cm, 402cm, 502cm and 602cm in the SY profile, and total 162 samples were sampled at 4cm intervals for particle size analysis. Based on the six AMS 14C dates in the Bacon program, we established the depth-date model of SY profile and the age at the bottom of SY profile is 14.4cal.ka B.P. The parametric grain size end-member analysis was used to investigate the aeolian dust history since 14.4cal.ka B.P. inferred from the Shayan profile and four end-member components were extracted to reflect the sedimentary dynamic characteristics. The results indicated that: (1)The grain size compositions can be divided into four components(EM1, EM2, EM3 and EM4), EM1(modal grain size is 1.59μm) is the clay component transported over long distances by the strong westerlies winds and carried by the coarse particles in the form of aggregates, EM2(modal grain size is 14.16μm) represents the background of atmospheric dust in the deposition period and the fine silt component in the form of floating dust, EM3(modal grain size is 39.91μm) indicates the near-source coarse silt component transported at low altitude and short distance, EM4(modal grain size is 89.34μm) shows local sand components resulted from strong wind conditions. (2)The aeolian dust history indicated by the EM3+EM4 content shows that the wind force in the study area was strong from 14.4cal.ka B.P. to the Early Holocene(14.4~8.2cal.ka B.P.), weak in the Middle Holocene(8.2~4.2cal.ka B.P.), and increased again in the Late Holocene(4.2~0cal.ka B.P.). (3)The intensity of Siberian high was the main driving force of the past aeolian dust in the arid Central Asia.
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Key words:
- loess /
- grain end-member analysis /
- aeolian history /
- Siberian High
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图 2
SY剖面的深度-年代模型、粒度和沉积速率变化特征
Figure 2.
Depth-age model and its characteristics of grain-size and sediment rates of SY profile
图 3
SY剖面粒度频率分布曲线
Figure 3.
Frequency distribution curves of grain size in the SY profile
图 4
SY剖面端元的拟合特性和数量选取
Figure 4.
Fitting characteristics and number selection of end members in the SY profile
图 5
SY剖面端元的粒度频率分布曲线和随时间序列的变化特征
Figure 5.
Grain size frequency distribution curve of end members in the SY profile and its variation characteristics with time series
图 6
SY剖面记录的区域风尘历史与相关古气候记录的比较
Figure 6.
Comparison of regional aeolian dust history recorded from SY profile with related paleoclimate records.
表 1
SY剖面AMS14 C测年结果
Table 1.
Results of AMS14 C dating of SY profile
实验编号 深度
(cm)测年
材料14C年代
(a B. P.)校正年代
(2σ，cal.a B. P.)Bacon年代
(cal.a B. P.)Beta-534759 98 有机质 1820±30 1826~1692 1863. 6~1621.1 Beta-534760 200 有机质 3420±30 3725~3584 3849.3~3532.7 Beta-534761 302 有机质 6470±30 7433~7321 7474.9~7153.8 Beta-534762 402 有机质 8240±30 9310~9090 9440.7~9078.9 Beta-534763 502 有机质 10160±30 12021~11707 12015. 4~11397.4 Beta-534764 602 有机质 11600±30 13498~13324 13613.3~13298.3 
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表 2
SY剖面端元参数特征
Table 2.
Parameter characteristics of end members in the SY profile
端元 众数粒径
(μm)平均粒径
Mz(μm)分选
系数偏度 峰度 粘土
(%)粉砂
(%)砂
(%)EM1 1.59 2.13 3.02 0.15 0.96 75.20 24.14 0.66 EM2 14.16 12.45 2.12 -0.04 0.98 9.35 89.11 1.53 EM3 39.91 32.76 2.03 -0.11 1.00 0.75 76.88 22.37 EM4 89.34 104.84 1.88 0.15 0.97 0.00 15.59 84.41
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表 3
SY剖面各端元组分的相关性
Table 3.
The correlation of end members in the SY profile
EM1 EM2 EM3 EM4 EM1 1 EM2 0.710* 1 EM3 -0.827* -0.912* 1 EM4 -0.324* -0.365* 0.058 1 *表示在0.01水平上显著相关
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