基于高通量制备的增材制造材料成分设计

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00431

金属学报

2023, Vol. 59

Issue (1): 75-86 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00431

综述

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

基于高通量制备的增材制造材料成分设计

张百成¹^,²(

), 张文龙¹^,², 曲选辉¹^,²

1.北京科技大学新材料技术研究院北京材料基因工程高精尖创新中心北京 100083
2.北京科技大学现代交通金属材料与加工技术北京实验室北京 100083

Composition Design of Additive Manufacturing Materials Based on High Throughput Preparation

ZHANG Baicheng¹^,²(

), ZHANG Wenlong¹^,², QU Xuanhui¹^,²

1.Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Advanced Material & Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2.Beijing Laboratory of Metallic Materials and Processing for Modern Transportation, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

引用本文:

张百成, 张文龙, 曲选辉. 基于高通量制备的增材制造材料成分设计[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(1): 75-86.
Baicheng ZHANG, Wenlong ZHANG, Xuanhui QU. Composition Design of Additive Manufacturing Materials Based on High Throughput Preparation[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2023, 59(1): 75-86.

全文: PDF(4507 KB) HTML

摘要:

增材制造作为一种新型制造技术，为航空航天、交通运输和生物医学等领域带来了革命性变化。但目前增材制造用金属材料仍基于传统合金，部分材料并不适用于高能束加工，性能仍有提高空间。目前的增材制造专用材料开发未脱离传统试错法，效率低下，是制约增材制造材料性能提高的瓶颈问题。本文就增材制造钢、钛合金、铝合金材料现状和问题进行了讨论，并列举增材制造高通量制备和表征技术在材料开发和设计上的应用，结合增材制造高通量制备的原理和特点，最后阐述了增材制造高通量制备和表征技术在材料开发上的机遇和挑战，并对增材制造关键材料开发与成分优化未来的发展方向做出展望。

关键词 ：增材制造, 高通量材料制备与表征, 材料开发, 力学性能

Abstract：

As a new manufacturing technology, additive manufacturing has brought about revolutionary changes in the aerospace, transportation, and biomedicine fields. However, since the metal materials used in additive manufacturing are still mainly traditional alloys, some of them are unsuitable for high-energy beam processing, indicating room for performance improvements. Besides, the development of additive manufacturing materials still follows the traditional trial-and-error model, seriously restricting the development of high-performance materials. Therefore, this paper discusses this situation and the existing additive manufacturing technology problems of steel, titanium alloys, and aluminum alloys, after which the application of high-throughput preparation and characterization technologies in material development and design were expounded. Combined with the principle and characteristics of high-throughput additive manufacturing preparations, the prospects and challenges of the high-throughput preparation and characterization technology of additive manufacturing in material development were expounded. Then, futuristic developmental directions of key materials for additive manufacturing development and composition optimization were proposed.

Key words： additive manufacturing high-throughput preparation and characterization materials development mechanical property

收稿日期: 2022-08-31

ZTFLH:

TG174.7

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB3802300);国家自然科学基金项目(51901020);国家自然科学基金项目(52171026)

作者简介: 张百成，男，1984年生，副教授，博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00431 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2023/V59/I1/75

图1 高通量材料开发流程与传统试错材料开发流程对比

图2 高通量增材制造提升航空航天关键材料性能[12~15]

图3 铝合金凝固曲线及晶粒长大示意图，改性前后增材制造铝合金晶粒结构形貌，及高通量优化铝合金成分范围[17,21,22,26]

图4 增材制造α、α + β、β钛合金微观结构及增材制造钛合金水平、构建方向力学性能范围[30~37]

图5 增材制造Ti6Al4V合金和Ti-8.5Cu合金的微观组织形貌、晶粒长大机理示意图以及增材制造Ti-Cu合金拉伸性能曲线[38]

图6 增材制造钢中主要组成元素和微观结构的变化[43~46]

图7 新型双相钢及新型大马士革钢微观结构，增材制造钢性能范围和未来双相钢性能趋势，以及增材制造梯度不锈钢高通量表征和分析[15,46,48~50,56,58~74]

图8 梯度材料制备原理示意图、梯度试样比较以及常见的高通量表征方法[12,13,76~78]

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