原位自生2%TiB2 颗粒对2024Al增材制造合金组织和力学性能的影响

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00410

金属学报

2023, Vol. 59

Issue (1): 169-179 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00410

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

原位自生2%TiB₂ 颗粒对2024Al增材制造合金组织和力学性能的影响

孙腾腾¹, 王洪泽¹^,²(

), 吴一¹^,²(

), 汪明亮¹^,², 王浩伟¹^,²

1.上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院金属基复合材料国家重点实验室上海 200240
2.上海交通大学安徽(淮北)陶铝新材料研究院淮北 235000

Effect ofIn Situ 2%TiB₂ Particles on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 2024Al Additive Manufacturing Alloy

SUN Tengteng¹, WANG Hongze¹^,²(

), WU Yi¹^,²(

), WANG Mingliang¹^,², WANG Haowei¹^,²

1.State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
2.Institute of Alumics Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Anhui), Huaibei 235000, China

引用本文:

孙腾腾, 王洪泽, 吴一, 汪明亮, 王浩伟. 原位自生2%TiB₂ 颗粒对2024Al增材制造合金组织和力学性能的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(1): 169-179.
Tengteng SUN, Hongze WANG, Yi WU, Mingliang WANG, Haowei WANG. Effect ofIn Situ 2%TiB₂ Particles on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 2024Al Additive Manufacturing Alloy[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2023, 59(1): 169-179.

全文: PDF(3426 KB) HTML

摘要:

采用激光粉末床熔化(laser powder bed fusion，L-PBF)工艺制备含2% (质量分数)原位自生TiB₂颗粒的2024Al-2%TiB₂合金和难打印2024Al合金，研究了TiB₂颗粒对经固溶(510℃处理1 h后水冷)和T6 (固溶处理后人工时效)热处理后增材制造2024Al合金组织和室温拉伸性能的影响。由于L-PBF冷却速率较快以及TiB₂颗粒的添加，2024Al-2%TiB₂合金微观组织以等轴晶为主，平均晶粒尺寸约为5.8 μm。T6热处理之后，2024Al合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为(261.3 ± 4.3) MPa、(252.6 ± 2.5) MPa和(0.3 ± 0.1)%；2024Al-2%TiB₂合金抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别达到(458.2 ± 6.5) MPa、(398.4 ± 2.7) MPa和(3.4 ± 0.4)%；2种合金中析出大量均匀分布、尺寸细小的长条状析出相。T6态2024Al-2%TiB₂增材制造合金的抗拉强度与2024Al增材制造合金相比提高75.5%，其强度与2024Al锻造合金强度相当。合金的主要强化机制是位错强化、晶界强化、析出相强化和TiB₂颗粒带来的Orowan强化以及载荷传递强化，2种合金热处理后的拉伸断裂失效主要由缺陷控制。原位自生2024Al-2%TiB₂增材制造合金成形性较好，经热处理后获得较高的综合室温拉伸性能。

关键词 ：激光粉末床熔化, 2024Al合金, 原位自生TiB₂颗粒, 热处理, 拉伸性能

Abstract：

Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is an innovative additive manufacturing method with great potential for fabricating complex geometrical components with integrated functionalities. In the aerospace industry, the Al-Cu-Mg (2024Al) alloy is widely used because of its excellent mechanical properties and low density; however, its disadvantages include low printability and high crack susceptibility. This work investigates the effects of in situ TiB₂ particles on the microstructure and tensile properties of the solution-treated (510^oC treat 1 h and then cooling by water) and T6-treated (i.e., solution and aging treatments) L-PBF fabricated 2024Al alloy at room temperature. Equiaxed grains with an average size of approximately 5.8 μm dominate in the printed 2024Al-2%TiB₂ alloy because of the high cooling rate during the L-PBF process and the heterogeneous nucleation effect of the TiB₂ particles. After the T6 heat treatment, many uniformly distributed, fine, and long precipitation strips formed in both the 2024Al and 2024Al-2%TiB₂ alloys. The 2024Al-2%TiB₂ alloy has ultimate tensile and yield strengths of (458.2 ± 6.5) and (398.4 ± 2.7) MPa, respectively; further, it has a maximum elongation of (3.4 ± 0.4)%. These parameters indicate a substantial improvement in the strength and elongation of the 2024Al-2%TiB₂ alloy compared to those of the 2024Al alloy. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the T6-treated 2024Al-2%TiB₂ alloy are comparable to those of the wrought T6-treated 2024Al-T6 alloy. The main strengthening mechanisms of the 2024Al-2%TiB₂ alloy include solid solution strengthening, dislocation strengthening, grain boundary strengthening, precipitation strengthening, Orowan strengthening, and load-bearing strengthening induced by TiB₂ particles. In conclusion, 2024Al-2%TiB₂ alloy manufactured using the L-PBF method provides excellent printability and room-temperature tensile properties.

Key words： laser powder bed fusion 2024Al alloy in situ TiB₂ particle heat treatment tensile property

收稿日期: 2022-08-25

ZTFLH:

TG146.2

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(52075327);国家自然科学基金项目(52004160);上海市青年科技英才杨帆计划项目(20YF1419200);上海市自然科学基金项目(20ZR1427500);淮北市重大科技项目(Z2020001);上海同步辐射光源BL13W1线站项目(2020-SSRF-PT-012107)

作者简介: 孙腾腾，女，1993 年生，博士生

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00410 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2023/V59/I1/169

图1 拉伸试样及微观组织观察试样取样示意图

图2 激光粉末床熔化(L-PBF)成形2024Al合金及2024Al-2%TiB2合金的截面OM像、三维CT测试结果及内部缺陷尺寸统计分布图

图3 L-PBF成形2024Al-2%TiB2合金的EBSD 结果

图4 L-PBF成形2024Al合金的DSC曲线

图5 固溶处理态2024Al合金和2024Al-2%TiB2合金OM及SEM-BSE像

图6 L-PBF成形2024Al合金和2024Al-2%TiB2合金经固溶处理和T6热处理的硬度变化和拉伸曲线

表1 不同热处理后L-PBF成形2024Al合金和2024Al-2%TiB2合金的拉伸性能

图7 T6热处理态2024Al合金和2024Al-2%TiB2合金的拉伸断口形貌

图8 热处理态2024Al合金和2024Al-2%TiB2合金的XRD谱

图9 T6热处理态2024Al合金和2024Al-2%TiB2合金的SEM-BSE像

图10 热处理态2024Al合金及2024Al-2%TiB2合金应变硬化速率和真应力-真应变曲线

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