The straw substrate is one of the straw utilization technologies.It is very important to clarify the technical content and utilization method of straw substrate for straw resources exploration and technological innovation.In this paper，the representation of domestic straw substrate，and the connotation was clearly defined.Its main contents included：cultivation substrate for edible mushrooms production，cultivation substrate for plant breeding and cultivation，fermentation bed litter for animal feed，the solid microbial preparation used in the production of adsorption material，straw material used in blocking obstacles factor or retaining water and fertilizer under environmental stress.Finally，the utilization potential and prospect of straw sbustrate were elaborated.