It is a big challenge for China to face carbon neutrality.Agriculture is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions.This paper aims to clarify the carbon footprint level of agricultural production at the county scale and analyze the relevant influencing factors，so as to search the means of carbon footprint regulation.Based on the survey data of farmers who are from rice-wheat rotation area in Xinghua，Jiangsu province (survey content including land condition，crop cultivation，material input，farm operation，related machinery)，the study analyzed the level and the potential influencing factors of carbon footprint in rice-wheat rotation system by life cycle assessment.The relationship between carbon footprint and economic benefit of farmland was also explored.The results showed that the annual carbon footprint per unit area and carbon footprint per unit yield of the rice-wheat in Xinghua county were 13006.2 kg CO₂-eq·hm-2 and 0.86 kg CO₂-eq·kg-1，respectively.CH4 accounted for 68% of carbon footprint of the season of rice，and N2O accounted for 45% of carbon footprint of the season of wheat in the carbon footprint composition.In addition to greenhouse gases，fertilizer，energy consumption，pesticides and seeds accounted for the highest proportion in the rice season.The proportion of energy consumption of wheat season was higher than that in fertilizer.The carbon footprint of rice-wheat rotation system was positively correlated with fertilizer input and diesel input.In addition，carbon footprint of rice-wheat rotation system was negatively correlated with partial nitrogen productivity within a certain range，and remained unchanged after partial nitrogen productirity reached the critical value (20.2 kg·kg-1).It showed a negative correlation between carbon footprint and partial nitrogen productirity with a similar result between carbon footprint and economic benefit of farmland in season of wheat.Moreover，the carbon footprint of rice-wheat rotation system decreased with the increase of farmers’ education level.Present study shows that the reduction of carbon footprint of rice-wheat rotation system in Xinghua county facilitates the improvement of economic benefit of farmland. And reducing fertilizer input and energy consumption is the main strategy to decrease carbon footprint at the county level.