氮钾化肥减施和有机肥增施对番茄果实品质及矿质元素含量的影响
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(1.山西农业大学园艺学院,山西 太谷 030801;2.酒泉卫星发射中心,甘肃 酒泉 732750)

作者简介:

董鹏荣(1996-),硕士研究生,主要从事设施蔬菜栽培生理研究。E-mail:1374860394@qq.com。

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基金项目:山西省重点研发计划重点项目子课题(201903D211011-03);山西省基础研究计划(202203021211263)。


Effects of reduced application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer and increased application of organic fertilizer on fruit quality and mineral elements content of tomato
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(1.College of Horticulture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu Shanxi 030801;2.Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center,Jiuquan Gansu 732750)

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    摘要:

    以‘天禧三号’和‘必抗T608号’番茄为试材,采用垄下覆膜栽培,设置有机肥正常用量(60 t/hm2,4M)、有机肥增施(120 t/hm2,8M)和氮钾化肥推荐用量(225 kg/hm2,N1)、氮钾化肥减施15%(191.25 kg/hm2,N2)、氮钾化肥减施30%(157.5 kg/hm2,N3),随机组合,共6个处理(4MN1、4MN2、4MN3、8MN1、8MN2、8MN3),探究氮钾化肥减量及有机肥增施对设施番茄品质的影响,进一步量化适宜的施肥梯度。结果表明:(1)增施有机肥后,两个品种番茄的单果重均有所增加。(2)正常有机肥处理后,两个番茄品种果实品质指标随氮钾化肥减施变化趋势不一,说明氮和钾在不同品质指标中发挥的作用不同;增施有机肥后,两个番茄品种品质指标(番茄红素、维生素C、可溶性糖等)随氮钾化肥减施占比增大基本均呈先升高后降低的趋势。(3)‘天禧三号’番茄在相同用量有机肥处理下减施氮钾化肥使果实中氮和钾含量均增加,磷含量呈先降低后升高的趋势;‘必抗T608号’番茄在相同用量有机肥处理下减施氮钾化肥使果实中氮含量均增加,磷含量降低,正常有机肥处理下减施氮钾化肥使钾含量下降,而增施有机肥处理下减施氮钾化肥使钾含量增加。此外,通过对番茄品质指标采用主成分分析,并对其综合排序,结果表明,4MN3处理对‘天禧三号’番茄果实品质的综合影响效果最好;4MN2处理对‘必抗T608号’番茄果实品质的综合影响效果最好。

    Abstract:

    ‘Tianxi No.3’ and ‘Bikang T608’ tomatoes were grown under the monopoly with film,with the normal amount of organic fertilizer (60 t/hm2,4M),the increased amount of organic fertilizer (120 t/hm2,8M),the recommended amount of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer (225 kg/hm2,N1),the reduced amount of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer by 15% (191.25 kg/hm2,N2),and 30% reduction of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer (157.5 kg/hm2,N3),both of which were randomized completely.And six treatments were set up in total (4MN1,4MN2,4MN3,8MN1,8MN2,8MN3) to investigate the effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer reduction and organic fertilizer increase on the quality of tomatoes,and to further quantify the appropriate fertilization gradient.The results showed as follows:(1) The single fruit weight of two tomato varieties increased after increasing organic fertilizer application.(2) At the normal organic fertilizer treatment,the fruit quality indexes of the two tomato varieties varied with nitrogen and potassium fertilizer reduction,indicating that nitrogen and potassium played different roles in different quality indexes.With the increase of organic fertilizer application,the quality indexes (lycopene,Vitamin C,soluble sugar,etc.) of the two tomato varieties basically tended to increase and then decrease with the increase of the reduction of nitrogen and potassium fertilization.(3) The reduction of nitrogen and potassium fertilization in ‘Tianxi No.3’ tomato under the same amount of organic fertilizer treatment increased the nitrogen and potassium contents of the fruits,and the phosphorus content tended to decrease and then increase;For ‘Bikang T608’ tomato,the content of nitrogen increased and the content of phosphorus decreased under the same amount of organic fertilizer treatment.The content of potassium decreased under the normal organic fertilizer treatment,while the content of potassium increased under the increased organic fertilizer treatment.In addition,the tomato quality indicators were analyzed by principal component analysis and ranked together.The results showed that 4MN3 treatment had the best overall effect on the fruit quality of ‘Tianxi No.3’ tomato;4MN2 treatment had the best overall effect on the fruit quality of ‘Bikang T608’ tomato.

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董鹏荣,梁祎,韩敬旭,石玉,侯雷平,邢国明,张毅.氮钾化肥减施和有机肥增施对番茄果实品质及矿质元素含量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2023,(1):13-22.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-12-03
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  • 录用日期:2022-01-10
  • 在线发布日期: 2023-04-14
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