An experiment was conducted to fully understand soil fertility characteristic and to provide the basis for making special fertilizer formula for Yunnan rubber plantation.Soil fertilities of 16 farms were surveyed systematically and evaluated in Xishuangbanna，Pu’er，Honghe and Lincang rubber tree planting regions.The results showed that spatial variation of soil fertility was large in Yunnan mountainous plantation，while soil nutritional status was not the same in different plantations and farms.Soil total nitrogen content in Yunnan rubber plantation was 0.13 ～3.30 g/kg，with an average of 1.42 g/kg；Organic matter content was 4.42 ～ 55.55 g/kg，with an average of 21.09 g/kg；Available phosphorus content was 0.31 ～235.00 mg/kg，with an average of 11.74 mg/kg；Available potassium content was 0.65～ 427.70 mg/kg，with an average of 59.46 mg/kg.Variation coefficients of soil fertility were available phosphorus > available potassium > organic matter> total nitrogen，which were 88.50%，69.95%，25.99% and 24.15%，respectively.The soil was generally deficient in phosphorus and organic matter in Yunnan rubber plantation.The deficiency ratio of available phosphorus was 82.13%，organic matter was 46.10%，and available potassium was 27.35%.But the total nitrogen in soil was normal or abundant.