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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2024)01-0076-11 |
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个人信息侵权中过错的认定及对侵权责任的影响 |
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孙鹏，杨在会 |
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（西南政法大学民商法学院，重庆，401120） |
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| 摘 要： 过错对判定个人信息侵权责任成立与明确损害赔偿金额具有重要意义。就归责原则而言，《个人信息保护法》与《民法典》体系衔接不畅，引发了个人信息处理者与非个人信息处理者适用过错推定责任抑或过错责任的法律适用难题。就过错程度而言，非法收集、使用、获取、买卖、公开、泄露个人信息等单纯侵害个人信息权益的行为，行为人主观上多为故意，过失侵权多发生于网络信息侵权及信息公开侵权；将个人信息用于刑事犯罪、商业营销及人格侵权等以个人信息为媒介侵害其他民事权益的行为，上游个人信息侵权人对下游损害承担责任以故意为要件，但上下游信息处理者之间存在合同勾连关系时，即便上游个人信息侵权人仅为过失，也需对下游损害承担相应责任。 |
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| 关键词： 个人信息侵权；损害赔偿；过错推定；故意；过失 |
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Identification of fault types in personal information infringement and its impact on tort liability |
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SUN Peng, YANG Zaihui |
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（School of Civil and Commercial Law, Southwest University of political Science and Law, Chongqing 401120, China） |
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| Abstract: Fault plays a significant role in identifying tort liability against personal information and its amount of compensation for damages. As far as the criterion of liability is concerned, the obstructed connection between The Personal Information Protection Law and The Civil Code initiated the difficulty in application of law: whether fault criterion of liability or non-fault criterion of liability is applicable to personal information processors and non-personal information processors. As for degrees of faults, in pure torts against personal information such as illegal collection, use, acquisition, trade, disclosure and divulging of personal information, the tortfeasor is mostly intentional, and negligence is generally identified in torts against network information and information disclosure cases; in torts against other civil interests via personal information such as using personal information to commit crimes, to conduct marketing, and to violate personality rights and so forth, the upstream tortfeasor shall be liable for downstream damages, as which intention is an essential element. But, if there is a contractual connection between the upstream and downstream information processors, the upstream tortfeasor shall be liable for relevant downstream damages, even if he is only negligent. |
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Key words: personal information infringement; constructive fault; intention; negligences |
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